Judicial+Branch

====**Judicial Branch**==== Judges on the Supreme Court 1968-1974 1. Earl Warren (Chief justice) was the chief justice on the court when Nixon became president but he was only there till 1970 and in that year he retired. Although before he went to the court he did other things he was a governor and also he is a republican to. President Dwight Eisenhower appointed him to the Supreme Court.( He retired in 1970) 2. Higo L. Black was born in the hill country of Alabama he was well educated. He did a year in medical school and the turned to law after that. In 1927 he was elected to the senate as a democrat. Shortly after that President Roosevelt appointed him to the Supreme Court. He also had a little problem when people found out he was part of the Ku Klux Klan but he told the people that he would resigned from that right away. (He was on the court in the start of Nixon’s presidency but then retired in 1971) 3. William O. Douglas was born in Minnesota but spent most of his youth in Yakima Washington. He had polio as a child but hiked in the mountains to strengthen his week legs. Before the Supreme Court he served on the Securities and Exchange Commission. Then Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him to the Supreme Court. He also holds the record for the longest continuous service on the nations most powerful court. 4. John M. Harlan is the grandson of the first justice John Marshall Harlan. He was born in Chicago went to school at Princeton and was a Rhodes scholar at Oxford. He was appointed to the United States Court of appeals by Dwight Eisenhower but was there only for ten months then the same man appointed him to the Supreme Court. (Retired in 1971) 5. William J. Brennan was born in New Jersey he had a big family. He was really smart and graduated from Harvard. He started to practice law in his home state and then in 1952 he went to the states highest court. In 1956 Eisenhower appointed him to the Supreme Court. Later Eisenhower said that the appointment was a mistake but it turned out Brennan was the most liberal and influential justice on the Supreme Court. 6. Potter Stewart was the son of the Republican mayor of Cincinnati. He was raised on politics so he had a good back ground in it. Eisenhower was the man that appointed him to the Supreme Court. 7. Byron R. White was born in Colorado and went to school and the University of Colorado on a scholarship. He also played sports and did play professional football for one year. He won a Rhodes scholarship at Oxford and the finished his law degree at Yale. He organized the Colorado campaign for Kennedy and then later on was appointed to the Supreme Court by Kennedy. 8. Abe Fortas was born and raised in Memphis. Tennessee he went to school at Yale and did teach there for a bit after he gradated. Then went to work for a law firm in Washington. Then he was appointed to0 the Supreme Court in 1965 by Lyndon Johnson. (He resigned from the court in 1969) 9. Thurgood Marshall was born and raised in Baltimore he went to school at Lincoln University and study law at Howard University. After school he went and joined the organization (NAACP) and later became the head of the organization’s legal defense and education fund. In 1967 Lyndon Johnson appointed him to the Supreme Court. He was the first black to serve on the Supreme Court. 10. Warren E. Burger was born in St. Paul Minnesota he also had a big family. He worked in the Justice Department under president Eisenhower, and Eisenhower appointed him to the United States court of Appeals. The he was appointed by Nixon to be the chief justice and replace Earl Warren in 1969 but did not start on the Supreme Court till 1970. (Started in 1970 on the Supreme Court) 11.  Harry A. Blackmun was born in southern Illinois but raised in Minnesota he went to school at Harvard. He worked in law till Eisenhower appointed him to the United States court of appeal eighth circuit. Nixon then appointed him to the Supreme Court in 1970. He was a liberal and was big in the abortion scandal. (Started on the court in 1971) 12. Lewis F. Powell was born in Virginian but spent most of his life in Tidewater State. He was a moderate before the court and was on education boards. He was also the president of the American Bar Association in 1964. Nixon was the man that appointed him to the Supreme Court. (Started on the court in 1972) 13. William H. Rehnquist was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin he was not able to finish his schooling because he went to the air force in world war II. After the war he came back went to Stanford and got a degree and also at Harvard got a degree to. He worked a lot in the Republican Party before the Supreme Court. Worked as deputy attorney general in the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel. Then president Nixon appointed him to the Supreme Court. He battled a lot on the court but was still accepted on the court. (Started on the court in 1972) The distribution was mostly republican that is why most of the things Nixon wanted was accepted. The Supreme court was filled with mostly republican, so cases were mostly judged by the constitution rather than personel belief. There was still some independents and democrats in the Supreme Court. 1968-1) United States v. Johnson - desegregation 2) Peoria Tribe v. United States - civil rights 3)Bored of education v. Allen - Freedom of rights/ 1st amendement 1969-1) Daniel v. Paul - Civil rights 2) City of Chicago v. United States - Judical review 3) Davis v. Mississippi - search an seziure 1970- 1) Waller v. Florida- double jepordy 2) Monks v. New Jersey- forced confessions/ search and seziure 3) Czosek v. O'mara - Unions 1971-1) Roe v. Wade- abortion/14th amendment 2) Davis v. Passman- Civil rights/sex discrimination 3) Rodgers v. Bellei- Immigration/civil rights/ loss of citizenship 1972-1) Healy v. Jones- First Amendment 2) Giglio v. United States- Due Process 3) Stanley v. Illinois- Sex Discrimination 1973-1) Heller v. New York- First Amendment/obscenity 2**)**Espinoza v. Farah Mfg. Co.- Civil Rights/ Employment of Aliens 3) Hess v. Indiana - First Amendment/Protest Demonstrations 1974-1) Gulf Oil Corp. v. Copp Paving Co. - Economic activity 2)Wheeler v. Barrera - First Amendment/Parochiaid 3) Coker v. Georgia - capital punishment, criminal, cruel and unusual punishment, eighth amendment**
 * Interaction Between Supreme Court with Congress and Presidency**
 * Major federal court cases from 1968-1974
 * Court analysis** -Roe v. Wade- Dealed with a woman from texas who believed that it was her right to have an abortion and was not right that the state law prohibited her from having one. The ruling was that 1st trimester abortions are legal and them not being legal infringed upon the 14th Amendment. 2nd and 3rd trimester abortions would be left up to the state. This cases impact is still felt today and is still widely debated.